Violent Ends for Violent Devices? Non-Knowledge and the ‘Unreflexive’ Practices of EU’s Border Security Design
Résumé
Since the early 2000s, the EU has funded many R&D projects on
border security. However, devices developed through these
programmes have met ‘violent ends’: firstly, by appearing to
face abrupt ends after EU funding ceased; secondly, by materialising
to serve as violent border devices. This article traces the
fate of devices funded by the EU’s 7th Framework Programme for
managing human and non-human movements. Theoretically, it
adds to the literature on ignorance by approaching debates on
non-knowledge through a Bourdieusian analytical lens, and
methodologically, it proposes to mobilise the concept of ‘symbolic
violence’ to investigate and compare what is acknowledged
and what is not, what is obscured or obfuscated in and
through R&D projects. Empirically, the paper examines several
projects that aim to manage people and things on the move,
and which have materialised in more or less overt ways. The
article argues that projects focused on border security play
a precursory role in the enactment of violent devices, and
simultaneously obfuscate the non-knowledge of ‘violent ends’
that shape the future of the EU’s border governance. It shows
that even if these projects do not apparently materialise, they
nevertheless find ways of achieving their violent ends.