Exploring Intra-Urban Accessibility and Impacts of Pollution Policies with an Agent-Based Simulation Platform: GaMiroD
Résumé
In this work we address the issue of sustainable cities by focusing on one of their very
central components: daily mobility. Indeed, if cities can be interpreted as spatial organizations
allowing social interactions, the number of daily movements needed to reach this goal is
continuously increasing. Therefore, improving urban accessibility merely results in increasing
traffic and its negative externalities (congestion, accidents, pollution, noise, etc.), while eventually
reducing the quality of life of people in the city. This is why several urban-transport policies are
implemented in order to reduce individual mobility impacts while maintaining equitable access to
the city. This challenge is however non-trivial and therefore we propose to investigate this issue
from the complex systems point of view. The real spatial-temporal urban accessibility of citizens
cannot be approximated just by focusing on space and implies taking into account the space-time
activity patterns of individuals, in a more dynamic way. Thus, given the importance of local
interactions in such a perspective, an agent based approach seems to be a relevant solution. This
kind of individual based and “interactionist” approach allows us to explore the possible impact
of individual behaviors on the overall dynamics of the city but also the possible impact of global
measures on individual behaviors. In this paper, we give an overview of the Miro Project and
then focus on the GaMiroD model design from real data analysis to model exploration tuned
by transportation-oriented scenarios. Among them, we start with the the impact of a LEZ (Low
Emission Zone) in the city center.
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